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Apostille or legalisation? Trace the route for a foreign public document

Trace authentication using the document’s origin, type and destination. Use the HCCH’s official country and competent-authority resources before deciding whether the Apostille Convention route applies.

By IMMIGEUROPEOctober 17, 2026 2 min read
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Photo: Daniel von Appen daniel_von_appen · CC0

Trace authentication using the document’s origin, type and destination. Use the HCCH’s official country and competent-authority resources before deciding whether the Apostille Convention route applies.

What the official guidance establishes

HCCH explains that the Apostille Convention replaces traditional legalisation with a certificate issued by a designated competent authority where the document originates. HCCH itself does not issue or verify apostilles. Read HCCH: Apostille Convention resources for the original scope and current instructions.

Describe one document precisely

Record the public document type, issuer, issuing place, original or copy status and intended recipient abroad. Keep the recipient’s exact authentication request. A general statement that a country “uses apostilles” does not answer whether the specific document and circumstances are covered.

Find the competent authority through the official tools

Use the HCCH resources to identify the relevant country information and designated authority. Read that authority’s current service instructions for the document. Where the Convention or an exception is unclear, ask the final recipient and competent authority rather than buying an intermediary’s universal package.

Track authentication separately from translation

Keep a row for the document, a row for authentication and a row for any required translation. Ask the recipient about the accepted sequence and format before commissioning work. Retain the issued attachment and any verification instructions with the document it relates to.

Your working sheet

This is an optional IMMIGEUROPE planning worksheet, not an official application form or a new document requirement.

RecordWhat to enter
OriginIssuing jurisdiction and public authority
DocumentExact type and original/copy status
DestinationRecipient and stated authentication request
AuthorityDesignated competent authority and instructions

Worked planning example

A fictional applicant has a civil certificate and a privately issued employment letter. They create separate enquiries about each document instead of assuming an answer about the certificate also covers the letter. Their worksheet records the authority’s response for each.

Authentication research does not replace the recipient’s substantive document requirements. Keep the next action in the moving planner and use the guide library for the next part of your move.

Go straight to the source.

Use these official resources to check the details that apply to you.

Source links checked 2026-10-17. This guide offers general planning information, not an assessment of your eligibility.

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